FRANC NORD
Everything you need to know about magnetic compasses: classifications, standards, installation and maintenance for safe navigation.
The description of each type is well defined in the ISO standard 25862:2019. The major difference is the card graduation.
Important: All compasses that do not meet these criteria are pleasure craft compasses and should not be used on commercial vessels.
Compass types are independent of their class and depend on their function aboard the vessel.
Must have an unobstructed view of the horizon as close to 360 degrees as possible to allow taking bearings for positioning purposes.
Usage: Bearings and precise navigation
Must be visible from the vessel's steering position to maintain course.
Usage: Steering and course keeping
Installing a standard compass on the wheelhouse roof with a periscope that allows reading from the steering position ensures both functions. This is why this type of installation is the most commonly used method on commercial vessels.
Several factors can negatively affect the performance of magnetic compasses.
Compasses that are neither Class A nor Class B are not designed to be installed on steel vessels and their calibration is very limited by their internal correctors. It is not always possible to adjust these compasses satisfactorily.
As a general rule, a magnetic compass must be installed at a minimum distance of 1.5m from any steel structure and electronic equipment.
Installation on the wheelhouse roof using a binnacle made of non-magnetic material remains the best option to ensure acceptable distance while providing support for various correctors.
The magnetic compass should be calibrated at least every 2 years.
Seasonal vessels that remain inactive for periods of several weeks should calibrate their magnetic compass annually.
Portable electronic devices (phone, VHF radio, Bluetooth speaker, etc.) must be kept at a minimum distance of 1.5m from the magnetic compass, whether they are on or off.
Simple test: Do a test by holding your cell phone near the compass, you will immediately see the card deviate widely.
Ensure you have crew available to turn the vessel offshore.
Allow between 1 to 1.5 hours to complete the adjustment.
Calm weather is ideal for adjustment. If the vessel rolls too much, it may be necessary to postpone the adjustment to achieve accurate results.
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